Investigating the Sequential Deposition Route for Mixed Cation Mixed Halide Wide Bandgap Perovskite Absorber Layer

Wide bandgap (Eg) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging as the preferred choice for top cells in a tandem architecture with crystalline silicon solar cells. Among the wide bandgap perovskites, a mixed cation mixed halide composition containing CsyFA1-yPbI3-xBrx is a popular choice because the presence of bromine widens the bandgap and addition of cesium stabilizes the crystal structure. These perovskite layers are commonly fabricated using one-step spin coating technique; however, sequential spin coating followed by dip coating has been successful in offering better control over the crystallization process for low bandgap absorber layers. In this paper, the fabrication of a Cs0.2FA0.8PbI3-xBrx perovskite absorber layer using the sequential deposition route is reported. The concentration of bromine was varied in the range 0 <= x <= 1 and optical, structural, and morphological properties of the films were studied. As the concentration was increased, the perovskite showed better crystallinity and the presence of large grains with high surface roughness, indicating the formation of the CsPbBr3 phase. Optically, the perovskite films exhibited higher absorbance in the ultraviolet (UV) range between 300 and 500 nm, hence up to x = 0.3 they can be profitably employed as a wide bandgap photon absorber layer in solar cell applications

CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND LIFESTYLE RELATED RISK FACTORS OF BREAST CANCER AMONG DIFFERENT AGE AND ETHNIC GROUPS

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent and leading cause of malignancies in females globally. In Pakistan, breast cancer is most frequently found in younger individuals and late stage presentation is the key feature for clinical diagnosis. Numbers of genetic factors are reported to be significantly associated with the manifestation of breast cancer. A number of factors including gender, age, genetic predisposition, familial vertical history, ethnicity and life style eventually leading to the development of the cancer. Therefore, we identified the role of biochemical characteristics of all participants in the development of breast cancer. 50 breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study. A written informed consent was taken from each of the patients prior to data collection through questionnaire. People belonging to different ethnic groups: Pashtoon was found to be the highest noteworthy figure of breast cancer patients with an overall of 14 (28%) followed by Afghani ethnic group with 7 (14%), Baloch 15 (30%), Hazara 8 (16%), Punjabi 3 (6%) and Sindhi 3 (6%). Key words: Breast cancer, Ethnic groups, Cenar Hospital, Balochistan

CHALLENGES FACING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TAKAFUL INDUSTRY IN BANGLADESH AND INDONESIA: A REVIEW

Takaful is the Islamic version of insurance, and the size of global takaful industry is about USD$51 billion in 2019. Limited studies have been conducted on the development of takaful sector in Bangladesh and Indonesia using a comparative approach. As such, this review aims at investigating the challenges facing the development of takaful industry in these two countries. Primary sources such as laws and regulations, and the secondary sources such as scholarly articles and books on the subject matter were reviewed to derive conclusions. This review concludes that efficiency of takaful in both countries depend on some common factors, such as having a proper and sophisticated regulatory framework for takaful with the development of required talent pool while focusing on creating awareness and education to ensure that not only the general public have the required takaful literacy; but even the existing and potential customers have the basic knowledge about takaful. Further, it is also found in this review that in order to further develop the takaful industry in both countries, it is imperative to use innovation and technology to promote takaful parallel to the conventional insurance by creating a level playing field. This review also identifies some specific issues in both countries and have suggested recommendations accordingly. It is anticipated that the outcome of this review will assist policy makers and other stakeholders to understand the inhibitions facing the development of takaful industry in these two jurisdictions with hope that these challenges can be eliminated for the sustainable development of takaful sector. &nbsp; Keywords: Insurance, Islamic insurance, Islamic finance, review, Shariah, Takaful. &nbsp; Cite as: Lubaba, S., Ahmad, A. U. F., &amp; Muneeza, A. (2022).&nbsp;Challenges facing the development of Takaful industry in Bangladesh and Indonesia: A review.&nbsp;&nbsp;Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 100-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp100-11

A Study On The Policies And Procedures On Discretionary Trading Of Islamic Securities

Discretionary trading is an investment that a stockbroker executes using clients’ account which is done without getting specific approval from the client on decision whether to buy or sell the stock holding in the portfolio. The investment is conducted based on the experience and strategies made by the person in charge of the investment. The objective of this research is to study the existing policies and procedures of discretionary trading in the market, determine the shariah compliance of current practice of market discretionary trading, and formulate suitable shariah parameters for discretionary trading of Islamic securities. This research employs qualitative methodology. The finding related for this topic is limited as the researcher is the main findings. From the researcher findings, it is found that the respondents shared almost similar experience, but it is expressed in different ways. Besides, the priority of shariah compliant discretionary trading is highly important to the Muslim investors as it can be alternatives for them to grow their capital and the practice of discretionary trading in each stockbroker is different from the others due to the flexibility of the current guideline. It is anticipated that the findings of research will assist future researcher to develop and formulate better variables for Islamic discretionary trading